San Diego DUI Lawyers Blog

Understanding CPAC in San Diego County DUI Cases

November 8, 2025 | The Law Offices of Susan L. Hartman

If you are facing a DUI conviction in San Diego County, you may be eligible for the County Parole and Alternative Custody Program (CPAC). CPAC can allow you to serve your sentence outside of jail, often at home under electronic monitoring.

As experienced San Diego DUI defense attorneys, we help clients explore every possible alternative to incarceration—including CPAC. Here’s what you need to know.

What Is CPAC?

Security electronic tag on a tagged criminal

The San Diego County Sheriff’s Department administers CPAC, which stands for the County Parole and Alternative Custody Program. CPAC is designed to:

Relieve jail overcrowding
Reduce costs to the county
Help eligible individuals serve sentences in the community instead of behind bars

CPAC uses electronic ankle monitoring (house arrest) and strict supervision to ensure participants comply with their court-ordered sentence while remaining employed and supporting their families.

CPAC Eligibility for DUI Offenders

CPAC is available to low-risk offenders, including those convicted of misdemeanor DUI and in some cases non-violent felony DUI offenses.

General eligibility factors include:

Non-violent offense (DUI without injury or great bodily injury enhancements)
No outstanding warrants, detainers, or immigration holds
Must have a stable residence in San Diego County
Must be medically and mentally able to participate
Must pass a risk assessment and interview by CPAC staff

Important: CPAC is not automatically granted—your defense attorney must request it as part of your sentencing strategy, and the court and the Sheriff’s Department must both approve it.

How CPAC Works

If accepted into CPAC, you will:

Be released from jail into home detention
Wear an electronic ankle monitor (GPS) at all times
Follow strict curfews and travel restrictions
Submit to random alcohol and drug testing
Continue to work or attend school if permitted

Habitual Offender DUI Laws in California: What Drivers in San Diego Need to Know

October 11, 2025 | The Law Offices of Susan L. Hartman

Facing a DUI in San Diego with prior convictions can have life-changing consequences. Under California law, multiple DUI offenses can classify you as a habitual DUI offender, leading to felony charges, long license revocations, and years in state prison.

As an experienced San Diego DUI defense attorney, I regularly help clients fight back against habitual offender allegations and protect their futures. Here’s what you need to know.

What Is a Habitual DUI Offender in California?

California has strict laws targeting repeat DUI offenders. If you accumulate three or more DUI convictions within ten years or have a prior felony DUI, you may be prosecuted as a habitual DUI offender.

Key statutes include:

Cal. Veh. Code § 23550 — A fourth or subsequent DUI within 10 years becomes a felony, punishable by 16 months, 2 years, or 3 years in state prison and a 4-year license revocation.
Cal. Veh. Code § 23550.5 — If you have any prior felony DUI, your new DUI can be charged as a felony regardless of when it occurred.
Cal. Veh. Code § 14601.3 — Allows the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) to label you a Habitual Traffic Offender (HTO) if you repeatedly drive after DUI-related suspensions. Driving as an HTO carries mandatory jail time.

How This Impacts Drivers in San Diego

The San Diego County District Attorney’s Office takes repeat DUI cases very seriously. If you are charged as a habitual DUI offender, you could face:

Felony DUI charges on your record
State prison time
4-year driver’s license revocation
Habitual Traffic Offender designation by the DMV
Vehicle impoundment or forfeiture
Severe fines, probation, and mandatory DUI programs

These penalties are much harsher than a first or second DUI, and the long-term effects on your employment, licensing, and personal life can be devastating.

Defending Against Habitual DUI Allegations Continue reading ›

Can You Get a DUI on an E-Bike in California? | San Diego DUI Attorney Explains

October 3, 2025 | The Law Offices of Susan L. Hartman

Can You Get a DUI on an E-Bike in California?

As electric bikes become more common on San Diego’s streets and coastal trails, many people wonder: Can you get a DUI while riding an e-bike? The short answer is yes—but it’s not the same as a DUI in a car. California law treats e-bikes differently than motor vehicles, but riding one under the influence can still lead to criminal charges under a separate section of the Vehicle Code.

Here’s what every e-bike rider should know before hopping on after a drink.

🚲 What Is an E-Bike Under California Law?

California categorizes e-bikes into three classes under Vehicle Code § 312.5:

Class 1 – Pedal assist, no throttle, up to 20 mph
Class 2 – Throttle-powered, up to 20 mph
Class 3 – Pedal assist, up to 28 mph, must have a speedometer

Unlike mopeds or motorcycles, e-bikes are not classified as “motor vehicles.” This distinction is crucial when it comes to DUI laws.

🚨 Can You Be Arrested for DUI on an E-Bike?

Standard DUI Laws: Vehicle Code § 23152 The main California DUI law—Vehicle Code § 23152—applies only to motor vehicles. Since e-bikes are not considered motor vehicles, this statute does not apply to e-bike riders.

Bicycle DUI Law: Vehicle Code § 21200.5 “A person shall not ride a bicycle upon a highway while under the influence of an alcoholic beverage or any drug…” This includes all types of bicycles, including electric bikes. So yes, you can be cited or arrested for DUI on an e-bike under this statute. Continue reading ›

Understanding Evidentiary Hearings in Criminal Law

September 5, 2025 | The Law Offices of Susan L. Hartman

In criminal law, the term “evidentiary hearing” is frequently encountered, yet many people may not fully understand its significance or procedural intricacies. This post aims to clarify what an evidentiary hearing entails, its purpose within criminal proceedings, and its impact on the justice system.

What is an Evidentiary Hearing? An evidentiary hearing in criminal law is a legal proceeding in which a judge examines evidence and hears testimony to resolve specific factual disputes or to determine the admissibility of certain evidence before a trial. Unlike a full trial, an evidentiary hearing is typically more focused, addressing particular issues that may arise during the pre-trial phase of a criminal case.

Evidentiary hearings are especially common in cases involving motions to suppress evidence, challenges to the legality of arrests, or questions about a defendant’s mental competency. By evaluating the evidence presented, the judge can make informed decisions that can significantly influence the course of a case or the trial.

What is the Purpose of an Evidentiary Hearing? The primary purpose of an evidentiary hearing in criminal matters is to provide the court with a platform to assess evidence related to specific legal issues. Key objectives include:

Determining Admissibility of Evidence: A significant aspect of criminal proceedings involves the admissibility of evidence. An evidentiary hearing allows the judge to determine whether certain evidence was obtained lawfully and whether it meets the standards for admissibility under the rules of evidence.
Addressing Pre-Trial Motions: Criminal defense attorneys often file motions to suppress evidence, arguing some evidence was obtained in violation of the defendant’s constitutional rights. An evidentiary hearing provides a forum for the judge to hear arguments and examine the facts surrounding the evidence in question.
Resolving Factual Disputes: In cases where there are conflicting accounts or discrepancies regarding the facts, an evidentiary hearing allows the court to assess the credibility of witnesses and the reliability of their testimony, aiding in the establishment of factual clarity.
Promoting Fair Trials: By resolving preliminary issues before the main trial, evidentiary hearings help streamline the judicial process and ensure that trials focus on relevant and legally admissible evidence, contributing to a fair trial for the defendant.

California DUI Statute of Limitations: What You Need to Know

September 4, 2025 | The Law Offices of Susan L. Hartman

When it comes to a DUI arrest in California, one of the most common questions is: “How long does the state have to file DUI charges against me?” The answer lies in what is known as the statute of limitations—and if you’ve been arrested for DUI or fear you may be, understanding this legal time limit is essential to protecting your rights.

What Is the Statute of Limitations? In criminal law, the statute of limitations is the legal deadline for the government to file charges. If prosecutors fail to file a case before the statute expires, they may lose the legal ability to prosecute you. The idea is rooted in fairness. Over time, evidence fades, memories weaken, and witnesses disappear. The statute of limitations ensures that criminal charges are filed while facts are still fresh.

Statute of Limitations for DUI in California. How long the state has to file DUI charges depends on whether the case is charged as a misdemeanor or a felony.

Fighting a Traffic Ticket in San Diego Court

October 3, 2024 | The Law Offices of Susan L. Hartman

Traffic tickets can be a nuisance, both financially and in terms of your driving record. If you’ve received a traffic ticket in San Diego, you may be wondering whether it’s worth it to contest it. This blog will guide you through the process of fighting a traffic ticket in San Diego court, providing valuable insights and practical tips to help you navigate the legal system.

Traffic violations typically fall into two categories:

Infraction: Most traffic violations, like speeding or running a red light, are classified as infractions. They usually carry a fine and do not result in jail time.
Misdemeanor: More serious violations, such as reckless driving or DUI, are usually classified as misdemeanors and can result in harsher penalties, including jail time.

Read the Ticket Carefully

Before taking any action, read your ticket thoroughly. It contains crucial information, including:

The specific violation you are accused of
The date and time of the alleged offense
The court date and location
Instructions on how to contest or pay the ticket

Deciding Whether to Fight the Ticket

Before you decide to contest your ticket, consider the following factors:

The Evidence Against You: Evaluate the evidence provided by the officer. Was there a radar reading, a photo, or witness statements? If the evidence seems weak, you may have a case.
Potential Consequences: Understand the potential consequences of not fighting the ticket. Points on your driving record can lead to increased insurance rates and a possible license suspension.
Costs vs. Benefits: Weigh the cost of contesting the ticket (including court fees and potential attorney fees) against the potential benefits of reducing or eliminating the fine.

Steps to Fight a Traffic Ticket

Plead Not Guilty: If you decide to contest the ticket, you’ll need to plead “not guilty.” You can do this by appearing in court on the date specified on your ticket or by mailing in your plea.
Gather Evidence: Collect any evidence that supports your case, such as:

- Photographs of the scene
- Witness statements
- Maintenance records for your vehicle (if applicable)
- GPS data or dashcam footage

3. Request a Trial: Once you’ve entered your not guilty plea, you’ll be scheduled for a trial. You can choose between two types of trials in San Diego:

- Trial by Judge: A judge will hear your case and make a ruling.
- Trial by Declaration: You submit your case in writing, and the judge makes a decision based on the documents provided. (This option is not available for some violations.)

4. Consider Hiring an Attorney: While it’s possible to represent yourself, hiring an attorney who specializes in traffic law can significantly increase your chances of success. An attorney can help you prepare your case, gather evidence, and present arguments effectively. Continue reading ›

Victim Restitution in DUI Criminal Matters

May 26, 2024 | The Law Offices of Susan L. Hartman

If you pled guilty to, or were convicted of, driving under the influence, the court must order restitution to any victims who claim economic losses from that incident. Under California Penal Code Section (“PC” hereafter) 1202.4(a)(1), “a victim of crime who incurs an economic loss as a result of the commission of a crime shall receive restitution directly from a defendant convicted of that crime.”

To the extent possible, the restitution order shall be prepared by the sentencing court, shall identify each victim and each loss to which it pertains, and shall be of a dollar amount that is sufficient to fully reimburse the victim or victims for every determined economic loss incurred as the result of the defendant’s criminal conduct…”

The victim is required to submit the losses they believe were caused by the defendant while committing the crime. The defendant can agree or stipulate to the amount requested or request an evidentiary hearing to dispute the requested amount.

Drug DUIs Under Cal. Vehicle Code § 23152(f)

November 20, 2022 | The Law Offices of Susan L. Hartman

It’s common knowledge that driving under the influence of drugs is illegal in California. However, determining exactly what constitutes “driving under the influence of drugs” may come as a surprise. Vehicle Code § 23152(f) is the law that makes driving under the influence of drugs illegal. The law is about as clearly written as it can be: “It is unlawful for a person who is under the influence of any drug to drive a vehicle.”

While the law is clear in its wording, it still leaves a lot of questions. Below are some of the most common questions about charges related to driving under the influence of drugs.

Is It Illegal to Drive Under the Influence of All Drugs? Or Just Illegal Drugs?

What Is “Driving” Under the California DUI Statutes?

October 28, 2022 | The Law Offices of Susan L. Hartman

Driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol is against the law in California. While most people are aware of the laws against drunk driving, few understand how complex this area of law is. The vast majority of the time, California DUI cases are not as straightforward as they may seem. One of the most misunderstood aspects of California DUI law is the operation element.

Before a judge or jury can find you guilty of a DUI crime, the government must first prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you were “driving” the vehicle. This is referred to as the operation element. In most states, prosecutors can meet the operation element of a DUI by showing that the defendant exercised physical control over the vehicle. However, in California, the law is slightly more favorable to defendants. To be found guilty of a California DUI, the prosecution must prove that you intentionally caused the vehicle to move by exercising physical control over it. Thus, if the vehicle didn’t move, you are not guilty of DUI.

That said, when referring to “movement,” any movement of the vehicle, however slight, qualifies as driving. Additionally, police officers can rely on circumstantial evidence to illustrate that a car had moved, even if they didn’t witness the car moving. For example, say that police officers respond to a call for a single-vehicle traffic accident. When the police arrive, they find a car wrapped around a utility pole. The driver is the only person inside the car, and there is a half-full bottle of whiskey on the driver’s side floorboard. In this situation, police officers would almost certainly arrest the driver for DUI, even though they didn’t observe the car moving. In doing so, they would rely on the following:

There was only one person in the car; and
The car had been in an accident.

In this situation, the circumstantial evidence suggests that the person found in the driver’s seat intentionally caused the vehicle to move by exercising physical control over the vehicle. While there is the possibility that someone switched seats with the driver, that is a defense that must be raised at trial. Continue reading ›

What Can You Do to Lessen the Charges or Penalties After a California DUI Arrest?

March 16, 2021 | The Law Offices of Susan L. Hartman

The penalties for a San Diego DUI conviction can be very harsh. For example, even if you are a first-time offender, you could be sentenced to up to one year in jail, five years on probation, a fine of $1,000, and participation in a nine-month mandatory drug and alcohol education program. The judge may also require that you install an ignition interlock system on your car, in which case you can drive without restriction. Otherwise, your license could be suspended for up to ten months.

Given the serious nature of these penalties, many people facing a DUI charge are interested in learning what they can do to reduce the charges or penalties they may face upon a conviction. Of course, not every DUI case results in a conviction; however, it is still a good idea to hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.

While driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol places others in significant danger, there has been a shift towards an increased understanding of why people get behind the wheel while intoxicated. Rather than view these offenses in isolation, courts are now more willing to consider that a DUI defendant suffers from addiction, and that their addiction played a role in their commission of the offense. That being the case, one of the things that can help mitigate against a hefty DUI sentence is to seek drug or alcohol treatment while the case is pending.